epic_perlman I was in the same boat, I have a cargo van with no windows behind the cab and I wanted to have a GOS-based surveillance system that could also display live low-latency video feed from three cameras in the rear of the van so I could see my blind spots while driving. But I decided to postpone that project because every time I tried to wrap my head around building it, I just got more and more lost. And any time I searched how to do something like that, all the results were about using a Raspi (which I have seen and is cool, but not exactly what I wanted).
If you're wondering about how to physically mount the phone to the dash, Ram mounts makes heavy-duty ball-and-socket type mounts that you can bolt or screw into all sorts of places, they have the most versatility that I've found in a readily available product. You could also find out where the structural steel framing of the truck is behind the trim and drill into the steel to install riv-nuts to bolt things to.
Honestly you could just glue a mount to the dash (or wherever) if you prep it correctly (clean both surfaces with rubbing alcohol and sand both surfaces for "tooth") and use a high quality structural adhesive (with sufficient surface area on the bonded surfaces) like Loctite Marine PL or 3M 5200. It doesn't even have to look sloppy if you properly mask everything.
In terms of audio while driving I don't think these high-end noise-cancelling earbuds can be beat. You could easily spend 300 dollars on noise dampening materials to make your cabin quieter, or you could spend the 300 dollars on the earbuds and do zero work removing trim (which is a pain) to get better, quieter results.