Lilred2405 Internet rumor suggests T-Mobile may be IPv6-centric. A recent GrapheneOS changelog entry suggests that an earlier recent change caused trouble for devices on IPv6-centric carriers.
The title of the post includes "Pixel 4a", but the post is tagged with "Pixel 4a (5G)", so it's not clear which device you have. Which device, and which GrapheneOS build number is it running? Look in Settings, About phone.
Edit: does the situation improve if you disable 5G and use LTE?