ryrona is this settings card provided by Google Play Services itself
Yes, it is. I checked just now on stock PixelOS. It's a page provided by the app and not GrapheneOS.
ryrona But if I go into Settings -> Apps -> Google Play Services -> All services it says it has permissions to read SMS messages, use the camera, open all media files stored on my phone, and much more.
What I'm seeing is a settings page with more information about specific services included with Play Services, as well as options to enable or disable features of these. I'm not seeing any text saying that it has permission to do X, Y, Z. Maybe I'm overlooking something?
In any way, the app has to play by the same rules as any other app that is running in the Android app sandbox, which includes being forced to respect the permissions you grant or do not grant to it – if you don't grant it the SMS permission, it does not have the SMS permission. And so on.