MiniSota
Just to add another data point: I reflashed stock Android on a Pixel 6 Pro (AT&T, physical SIM) and RCS immediately activated.
Over the past few days I have tried every trick mentioned on the GrapheneOS forums, Reddit, and elsewhere on an exhaustive Google search. That includes many versions of Messages, every set of permissions granted to Messages / Google Play Services, and complete reinstalls of GrapheneOS (and stock).
I have been using RCS for over a year so far on GrapheneOS before these issues started.
I agree that there are probably compatibility issues going on with many carriers, but my data point still suggests there is something unique going on with GrapheneOS.