Sempa It's not doing what you might think it's doing.
Quote from the GrapheneOS account on Discord:
that toggle changes Android's per-network random MAC mode which is not the default on GrapheneOS, and it is not per-connection randomization
https://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-mac-randomization-behavior#non-persistent_
- The DHCP lease duration has expired and more than 4 hours have elapsed since the device last disconnected from this network.
- The current randomized MAC for the network profile was generated more than 24 hours ago. MAC address re-randomization only happens at the start of a new connection. Wi-Fi won't actively disconnect for the purpose of re-randomizing a MAC address.
on GrapheneOS, all this serves to do is break the non-default per-network randomization mode which is there if for some reason you need it to remain the same for a specific network
End quote. There's a reason enabling Developer options is discouraged, as it's a source of quite many bug reports from users who forgot they enabled a certain feature in Developer options, and/or think that Developer option features are supported with help from the community (it's not).
You will not lose any privacy and security features from disabling Developer options. You are not gaining any from having Developer options enabled.